Multiplication of Numbers — Grade 2 Mathematics
In Grade 2, we build on our understanding of repeated addition and now begin to memorise the times tables from 2 to 10. Knowing your times tables by heart is one of the greatest advantages you can have in maths — it makes every future topic faster and easier!
The Times Table Pattern
Each times table is a list of multiples — the answers you get when you count in equal steps.
2× table: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 … (count in 2s)
5× table: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 … (count in 5s — always ends in 0 or 5)
10× table: 10, 20, 30, 40 … (count in 10s — always ends in 0)
Product = the answer when two numbers are multiplied.
2× table: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 … (count in 2s)
5× table: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 … (count in 5s — always ends in 0 or 5)
10× table: 10, 20, 30, 40 … (count in 10s — always ends in 0)
Product = the answer when two numbers are multiplied.
💡 Patterns to remember: The 5× table always ends in 0 or 5. The 10× table always ends in 0. The 9× table digits always add up to 9 (e.g., 9×4=36, 3+6=9)!
The 3× Times Table
| × | 3 | = |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | ×3 | 3 |
| 2 | ×3 | 6 |
| 3 | ×3 | 9 |
| 4 | ×3 | 12 |
| 5 | ×3 | 15 |
| 6 | ×3 | 18 |
| 7 | ×3 | 21 |
| 8 | ×3 | 24 |
| 9 | ×3 | 27 |
| 10 | ×3 | 30 |
Worked Examples
Example 1 — Using a Times Table
Work out 7 × 8.
7 × 8 = 56
Think: 7 × 8 is in the 7 times table. 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56. ✅
Example 2 — Multiply a 2-Digit Number by a 1-Digit
Work out 24 × 3 by partitioning.
- Partition 24 into 20 + 4.
- 20 × 3 = 60
- 4 × 3 = 12
- 60 + 12 = 72
24 × 3 = 72
Example 3 — Real World
A box holds 12 eggs 🥚. How many eggs are in 5 boxes?
📦🥚🥚🥚🥚🥚🥚🥚🥚🥚🥚🥚🥚 × 5
5 × 12 = 60 eggs
Practice Questions
1. 6 × 7 = ?
✅ 6 × 7 = 42
2. 9 × 8 = ?
✅ 9 × 8 = 72
3. Work out 32 × 4 by partitioning.
✅ 30×4=120, 2×4=8. 120+8 = 128
4. A book has 15 pages in each chapter. There are 6 chapters. How many pages in total?
✅ 15 × 6 = 90 pages
5. True or False: 8 × 7 = 7 × 8
✅ True! Both = 56. Multiplication is commutative.
Key Points to Remember
- Multiplication is repeated addition of equal groups.
- Learn your times tables 2–10 — they are used in almost every maths topic!
- Partitioning: split the bigger number into tens and ones, multiply each part, then add.
- Multiplication is commutative: 6 × 9 = 9 × 6.
- Any number × 0 = 0. Any number × 1 = itself.